Future of Modernization - 710 Words

Future of Modernization SOC/120 May 4, 2013 University of Phoenix Future of Modernization Modernization in the United States has four traits which were identified by Peter Berger in 1977. The first trait was the decline of small, isolated communities. Approximately one hundred years ago there were 40% of Americans living in cities. Today, 80% of the population lives in cities. The next trait is the expansion of personal choice. Most people choose their lifestyles instead of allowing others to make that decision for them. The next trait is the rising amount of diversity in the United States. Interracial couples are more accepted now then it was even 20 years ago. The fourth trait is the orientation toward the future and a†¦show more content†¦Modernization is a worldwide trend, as countries such as Japan and China combine traditional and modern ways. In Japan they are advanced as far as technology, but there are still few women that are corporate executives and politicians. In China, contemporary socialist thinking are mixed with ancient Co nfucian principles. â€Å"What took decades or even centuries to transpire in the West has materialized in a matter of a decade or two in China† (The Pros and Cons of Modernization: Cancer in China, Bill Chameides, 2008). Other countries, such as Mexico and Saudi Arabia, struggle to move ahead economically because of the respect they have for their religious beliefs. † In short, although we may think of tradition and modernity as opposites, combinations of traditional and modern are far from unusual, and they are found throughout the world† (Society: The Basics, Eleventh Edition, by John J. Macionis, Ch 16, pg 495). The consequence of modernization is that normal traditions will disappear. Some fear this will dehumanize our society. Though modernization has been successful with diversifying our cultures, increasing our wealth, and expanding opportunities, the processes of transformation ultimately leaves people feeling insecure and dejected. The fear is that their jobs will be taken over by computers which ultimately will prevent them from providing for their families.Show MoreRelatedFuture of Modernization1108 Words   |  5 Pagespeople forward by building on foundations of traditions. When traditions are lost, modernization sets in. Modernization is when technology blends with culture and they exist together in a contemporary time period. The main issue with modernization is that it is a continuing cycle of innovations and change that never cease and force the loss of traditions. There are four key concepts which help explain how modernization manifests; first, the decline of small, traditional communities, second, the increaseRead MoreFuture of Modernization1232 Words   |  5 PagesFuture of Modernization William Watkins SOC / 120 January 22, 2012 Brenda Miller As we begin to ponder the future of modernization, and the possible consequences that are apt to occur, perhaps we should first revisit the definition of modernization. To this end we can start by saying that modernization is thought of as a concept that states that the development of societies can be considered as a standard evolutionary pattern that has a tendency to stimulate growth. It can also be consideredRead MoreModernization Theory And Its Impact On The Future Of Turkey s Democratic Institutions964 Words   |  4 Pagesestablishes a functioning society, whose members knows the law and must comply. Those who choose not comply with the law know that the judicial branch will remedy the injustice in society. The future of the judicial branch has a monumental impact on the future of Turkey’s democratic institutions. Turkey’s future remains ambiguous. On an economic perspective, Turkey is booming. It is quickly launching itself into globalism. A growing economy â€Å"during the first six months of 2011 Turkey even vied withRead MoreThe United States Proliferation Treaty ( Npt )1173 Words   |  5 Pagesthe treaty to fit changing standards. In 2015, the major concern is the modernization of nuclear weapons. Defined as the life extension of current nuclear weapons, every nuclear armed state is spending billions on this act of supposed â€Å"disarmament† Some would argue that this trend should be included in our treaty and that the United Nations should encourage nuclear-armed countries to pursue this trend. In reality, modernization presents a threat to the process of disarmament and we must take measuresRead MoreModernization Of The Chinese Government And Democracy Essay1484 Words   |  6 PagesModernization of the Chinese Government and Democracy In the past 35 years, China has experienced significant transformation and modernization of its democracy and governance. This modernization process was brought by the death of Mao Zedong, the founding father of the People’s Republic of China and the Chairman of the country’s Communist Party since 1943. Prior to his death, Chairman Mao had started a Cultural Revolution in 1966 in attempts to revive socialism in the country and eliminate capitalisticRead MoreModernization and Dependency Theory1563 Words   |  7 PagesModernization and Dependency theory Nowadays the rapid development of the word and the growing integration of countries can hardly fail to affect the development of new theories which attempt to explain the relationship between countries and the existing inequality between developed countries and countries of the third world. In this respect, it is possible to refer to Modernization theory and Dependency theory which, being quite different, still have certain similaritiesRead MoreModernization And Development Towards Democracy1544 Words   |  7 PagesThis research paper uncovers the study of modernization and how it correlates to political development towards democracy. First, it examines the development and origins of the modernization theory that encompass a number of explanations that connect economic, social and cultural changes with shifts in political systems. Modernization puts forth the idea that economic development will lead to cultural and social changes that transform the politica l behavior of a country’s citizens that can ultimatelyRead MoreModernization Theory Of The Post War Years1324 Words   |  6 Pagesfears about Cold War tensions and the threat of communism, the domestic post-war environment contributed to the emergence of the predominant American sociological and economic theory of the post-war years: modernization theory. Though many new theories have emerged since the development of modernization theory, of which Walt Whitman Rostow was one of the leading figures, and it has seen fluctuations in its popularity, it has remained a part of the discourse on development to this day. Over the years,Read MoreAmerican Political Scientist Samuel Huntington1401 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican political scientist Samuel Huntington once pointed out that although modernity breeds stability it is modernization that breeds instability. Many of the world’s greatest economists forecast that China will overtake the United States as the world’s economic powerhouse in the near future. However, that will largely depend on how well the Chinese government can control its modernization both politically and economically. China’s rapid ascension through its distorted economic reforms has underminedRead MoreCultural Impacts Of Tourism Development936 Words   |  4 Pagesthoughts may be true in some instances, it is however misleading to hold these notions regarding the changes in the social and cultural aspects of a society. Whereas socio-cultural changes may in part be due to tourism, it can also be due to other modernization and global factors such as international trade relations, military actions, migration etc (Sharpley R. and Telfer D., 2002). Concerning tourism development, the socio-cultural changes which occur in the community are more often than not seen as

The classification of Israel as a state in the Middle East...

The classification of Israel as a state in the Middle East in 1948 saw dispute between Israelis and Arab nations increase which led into wars. The USSR and USA who were currently involved in the cold war saw the dispute in the Middle East as an opportunity to get involved and spread its ideas. However these wars were mostly affected by the nationalism of Israelis and Arabs. Soon after the declaration of Israel the 1948 war broke out, this was due to the fact Arabs could not accept that Palestinians would have to share ‘their land’ with Jews, so as a way to get rid of Israel they attacked them. However Israel won the war and from this Arabs believed that Israel had received loans from the USA, which is true but it wasn’t to aid them with†¦show more content†¦Thus Israel after being provoked by the Arab nations for a long time now decided to attack Israel. USA sided with Israel and USSR sided with Arab states, however neither of these superpowers wanted direct involvement and both opted to side with the UN’s call to ceasefire, however Israel didn’t ceasefire and within 6 days they were victorious and gained 400% territory including Golan heights and Sinai peninsula. Due to this things got worse and it saw the superpowers get even more involved as they start supplying arms to their sides, USSR had a friendship Tre aty with Egypt. The Middle East had now become a focus for superpower rivalry. The Arab states prepared for another war, with the aid of the USSR, USSR supplied arms to Egypt and Syria meanwhile the USA were still supplying aid to Israel and pro-West countries as they were concerned about the growing influence of the USSR in the Middle East. However new Egypt president Sadat got rid of Soviet advisors but still went on and attacked Israel on Yom Kippur. In this war Israel got direct military assistance from the US and this saw the US became Israel’s biggest arms suppliers. The USSR offered Egypt to send soviet troops but US replied by putting their nuclear forces into stage 3 alert, this was the first sight of direct superpower conflict. Israel got the upper hand in the war but USA wanted to avoid the Egyptians getting humiliated andShow MoreRelatedWorld Peace8312 Words   |  34 Pagesbarometer for peace, when in reality class antagonisms were ever present.[citation needed] One could argue that the argument is based on a  non-sequitur  fallacy since it may not have been capitalism itself that was the cause, but rather the little state authority, which would make it an argument for  libertarianism  or  anarchism  in general, ranging from  anarcho-capitalism  to  anarcho-communism. Cobdenism There are proponents[14]  of  cobdenism  who claim that by removing tariffs and creating international  freeRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesD421.E77 2010 909.82—dc22 2009052961 The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992 Printed in the United States of America 2 4 6 8 9 7 5 3 1 C ONTENTS Introduction Michael Adas 1 1 World Migration in the Long Twentieth Century †¢ Jose C. Moya and Adam McKeown 9 †¢ 2 Twentieth-Century Urbanization: In Search of an Urban Paradigm for

Interview template Free Essays

Thorough grasp of material (lecture and cases) as demonstrated in examinations Participation in class discussions Excellent participation *may* help move your grade one level up 4 Attendance Regular attendance in lectures and tutorials is essential to complete this unit successfully. Steady effort is the way to build your human capital in this area The text, supplementary reading, lectures, tutorials, etc. Are all complements, not substitutes Attitude is key to your success – Been there, done that -International Business Context O Dry Sarah Advertiser 13 Grading Policy: The Bad News Word about academic honesty: No plagiarism: pasting sentences or paragraphs from various sources without attribution DOES constitute plagiarism. We will write a custom essay sample on Interview template or any similar topic only for you Order Now Copying from another student also constitutes plagiarism No dishonesty in attendance: Signing in for one or more other students constitutes academic dishonesty No dishonesty in examination: No talking or exchanging notes during examination Students caught committing an act of academic dishonesty will automatically fail the assignment or the unit Any Questions? 5 What is Economics and its relevance? Study of how economic agents choose to SE their scarce resources. Economics analyses the basic market structures of the business environment, and the decision-making behavior of economic agents Economic agents include consumers, firms, managers, workers, bureaucrats, criminals, Branches of Economics Microeconomics Branch of economics that deals with the behavior of individual economic units-?consumers, firms, workers, and investors-?as well as the markets that these units comprise. Macroeconomics Branch of economics that deals with aggregate economic variables, such as the level and growth rate of national output, interest rates, unemployment, and inflation. Classical Economics and Business Economics is to the traditional business discipline as Physics is to the classical engineering sciences. Economics is a tool box. Combining these with tools from decision sciences we can find the power tools that can maximize your firm’s chances for survival and prosperity in an uncertain world. This is all about Business Economics. 6 What is Business Economics? Business economics is concerned with the application of economic principles and analytical tools of decision sciences – Mathematics, Statistics, and Econometrics – to solve Business/Managerial decision problems. Thus, Business economics is about the application of economic theory and analytic tools to help managers make better decisions. The scope of Business Economics Management decision problems arise in any organization (firm, a non-profit organization, or a government agency) when it seeks to achieve some goal or objective subject to some constraints. Business Economics provide us with the power tools to examine how an organization can achieve its objectives most efficiently. Decision Problems: Examples How to cite Interview template, Papers

Dana Hall free essay sample

Develop an action plan, taking into consideration the organizational context and current understanding of the issues. In this assignment, you are asked to stretch your thinking a bit, by designing a preliminary action plan based on your analysis of the Dana Hall case. Instructions 1. Review the action research you have completed thus far on the Dana Hall case. 2. Design a preliminary action plan for addressing the issue at Dana Hall. Use the Action Research Template (in the Resources below) to guide the development of your action plan. Your plan should: o Emphasize the problem definition stage (Stage 1 of the ARPP), including the generation of alternative courses of action. o Align with the problem definition. o Include analysis of the Dana Hall situation and the organizational context of the problem. o Establish alternatives and your choice for a course of action. 3. Present you analysis of the problem and your preliminary action plan. We will write a custom essay sample on Dana Hall or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Choose one of the following two options.

Feminist Ethics Concept

Feminist ethic is a new concept aimed at redefining and redesigning conventional and traditional experiences associated with women’s moral experiences from medieval times. Feminist ethic is therefore a development and a new concept developed to remedy the inadequacies created by traditional western ethics which have consistently overlooked female contributions in the society. Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Feminist Ethics Concept specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such sentiments are supported by Alison Jaggar, a feminist philosopher (cited in Christine 2), who faults traditional western ethical ideals because of a number of reasons. First, she identifies that traditional western ideals sought to emphasize more on male rights and interests at the expense of female rights. Secondly, she notes that traditional western ideals are characteristic of emphasizing on morally uninteresting realms of women role s which occur in the private world (such as the traditional roles of cooking, cleaning, taking care of the household, assisting the sick and such roles). Thirdly, she faults the traditional western ethical philosophy because it perceives women as people who are not as morally developed as men and fourth, Christine explains that she identifies that traditional western philosophy â€Å"overvalues culturally masculine traits like independence, autonomy, separation, mind, reason, culture, transcendence, war, and death, and undervalues culturally feminine traits like interdependence, community, connection, body, emotion, nature, immanence, peace, and life† (3). Lastly, Alison Jaggar notes that traditional western philosophy is sympathetic to culturally masculine ways of moral reasoning as opposed to the feminist ways which lack prejudice and favor (Christine 3). These perceptions withstanding, this study acknowledges the role feminist ethics has had in reformulating traditional western ethics and comprehensively, it acknowledges that feminist ethics are distinctive and uniquely incoherent with conventional western philosophy relating to gender. However, there have been many debates advanced by critics regarding feminist ethics which purport that the concept is basically centered on overturning existing political structures and basically centered on the concept of power and subordination at the expense of ethical concerns relating to mothering, morality, care and justice (Christine 2). Advertising Looking for term paper on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With regards to this debate, this study identifies that this argument is flawed and instead proposes that feminist ethics is more committed to motherhood and care as opposed to political changes (in terms of doing away with the subordination women have experienced in the past). Ideas Concepts and Terms to be Discussed Radical feminism : Radical feminism observes that the causes for gender oppression should not be solely blamed on the political structure of the society but also on the structures of the patriarchal society. Liberal feminism: Liberal feminism works from the context that women need to be accorded the same opportunities men have, so that they are as prosperous as men. Marxist feminism: The concept of Marxist feminism notes that women’s oppression should not be traced to the opposite sex but rather to the capitalistic nature of the society which makes women subordinates to men. Supporting Claims Radical feminism Mothering and care are depicted as the underlying issues that characterize female oppression which has been evidenced for many years (Christine 3). The feminist ethics concept basically revolves around matters of care and feminine virtues (more especially nurturing and compassion) as opposed to issues to do with power and subordination (in comparison to male counterparts). More important ly, even though many critics of the feminist ethics tend to perpetrate the view that feminist ethics inclines more towards power and subordination, Christine (3) notes that feminist ethics is particular to experiences that are uniquely female such as pregnancy, childbirth, and nursing. These issues have nothing to do with power or subordination. Much of the current â€Å"political vs. care† debate that surrounds feminist ethics can be analyzed from philosophical research studies done by Gilligan, a philosophical researcher. Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Feminist Ethics Concept specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The same can also be said of Kohlberg’s research on feminist philosophy which can be summarized in the words of Tronto that â€Å"individuals develop morally as their cognitive abilities to understand the nature of moral relations deepen, and that this process of moral development pro ceeds through set, hierarchically arranged stages that correspond to different levels of moral reasoning† (5). Kohlberg was trying to portray the view that boys had a stronger and more mature moral development as compared to girls, when analyzed within a given age group. However, Gilligan was particularly disturbed by these assertions and decided to do his own independent studies on the same which concluded that girls had a uniquely different oral view when compared to boys because their moral voice expressed an ethics of care while the boy’s moral voice expressed an ethics of justice. The ethics of care can be compared to relationships and justice while the ethics of justice can be compared to rights and rules. All these features can be better equated to processes as opposed to principles because they symbolize an ongoing element as opposed to a static one (Christine 6). Gilligan’s assertion basically exposed a different field of philosophical research about feminist ethics that had not been previously researched before. Many researchers have also identified the research studies to be intrinsically positive but comprehensively, it is assumed that his point of view gives a new perception to the role historical oppression may have played in care ethics (Christine 6). Tronto explains this concept by stating that â€Å"whatever psychological dimensions there might be to explain women’s moral differences, there may also be a social cause: women’s different moral expression may be a function of their subordinate or tentative social position† (6). Gilligan’s perspectives gives a very interesting insight to feminist ethics in the sense that she identifies that feminist ethics essentially appeals to women’s’ unique experiences, but in the same light, the unique experiences can be traced to the oppression women face in the society. Advertising Looking for term paper on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A positive relationship can be hereby deduced because the underlying assumption in this relationship is observed whereby, though feminist ethics is based on mothering, care and nurturing, Gilligan exposes a relationship whereby the above concepts either add or subtract to the oppression women face (or have faced) in the society. The same opinion is also held by radical feminists who observe that the causes for women oppression should not solely be blamed on the political structure of the society but also on the structures of the patriarchal society (Christine 6). Proponents of the radical feminist concept also note that political structures which limit the chances of women prospering in the same manner as men are essentially flawed and evidently irreparable. Because of this fact, they propose that the entire political system should be eliminated. This point of view therefore leaves the patriarchal society as the only repairable institution and this is where radical feminist concurs with the fact that feminist ethics are centered on changing the social perceptions of women in the domestic environment. This essentially touches on the virtues of motherhood and care. In other words, motherhood and care are the basic limitations to women’s’ chances of succeeding. Tong affirms that â€Å"Women’s reproductive roles and responsibilities, as well as the institution of compulsory heterosexuality, are the fundamental causes of women’s subordination and men’s domination† (8). Liberal Feminism Liberal feminism works from the context that women need to be accorded the same opportunities men have, so that they are as prosperous as men (Christine 7). However, in accomplishing this objective, there is a strong view among proponents of the liberal feminism concept that there needs to be a clear-cut difference between public and private life. Public life essentially refers to the ability of women to prosper in various fields such as m edicine, science, law and the likes (because it essentially refers to personal and human achievement). Basically, this refers to the realm of political actions where many researchers have identified that gender oppression takes place. On the other hand, private life basically refers to the realm of mothering and caring which has often be synonymously equated to the traditional western ethical philosophy of women which defines the root of subordination. From this understanding, liberal theorists have consistently acknowledged that women have a more social significance to the political world of men; meaning that their contribution is most appreciated from the fact that they best uphold social life, as opposed to political life. Mothering and caring activities constitute the basic pinnacle of this social world (Christine 7). Since the above fact has been identified as constituting a great part of the western traditional feminine experience, feminist ethic was introduced to fight this ideology. Feminist ethic was therefore developed from the standpoint that women should not be subordinated to the roles of nurturing, mothering and care because this is a false ideology that seeks to limit their chances or opportunities of competing with their male counterparts in the political world. Liberal feminist therefore point out the view that there is no such distinction between a man and a woman because they are both human beings and that is the only existing definition according to them. However, liberal feminists have been forced to acknowledge the physical differences between the genders but they have stuck to their point of view; purporting that physical differences between men and women do not in any way constitute a platform to differentiate male and female rights (Christine 8). Nonetheless, comprehensively we are able to learn that feminist ethics is primarily based on unique women experiences (which are mothering, care and nurturing) as opposed to the political cause identified by critics of the feminist ethics concept. Relatively, when compared to the liberal feminist approach, Christine affirms that: â€Å"Avoiding claims about specifically male and female natures enables liberal feminists to argue that men and women are entitled to the same opportunities in both the public and private spheres.   In the liberal feminist view, when all are afforded equal opportunities, all women may freely choose to ‘mother’ or not to ‘mother’† (9). Marxist Feminism The concept of Marxist feminism notes that women’s oppression should not be traced to the opposite sex but rather the capitalistic nature of the society which makes women subordinates to men (Christine 9). To remedy this situation, the Marxist feminism concept proposes that a communism concept will work to the advantage of women because it will give them equal opportunities that capitalist systems denies them. However, in support of the fact that fem inist ethics is based on mothering and care, the Marxist feminism concept identifies that female oppression not only occurs in the public life but also in the private life. To reiterate the Marxist feminism concept, Callahan affirms that â€Å"the inegalitarian system of classes leads to exploitation and imperialism–the domination at home (including the household) and abroad of the have-nots by the haves† (75). Women’s’ oppression can therefore be defined by the oppression that goes on in the household and not necessarily in public life (as advocated by proponents of the fact that feminist ethics is primarily based on political motivations). The exploitation of women at home is particularly contingent with the limitations that the capitalistic world imposes on women throughout most societies. However, it is important to note that the Marxist feminism concept has been criticized by the fact that not all women hail from the same economic class, although in the same sense, it is also important to note that the Marxist feminism concept acknowledges that for women to be totally liberated and enjoy the same opportunities as men, domestic exploitation and oppression needs to stop first (at the household level) before any significant political changes can be felt to their advantage (Christine 9). This fact is based on the belief by proponents of the Marxist feminism concept that gender oppression starts at the household level, and the discrimination that is evident at the political platform is just but a mere reflection of what happens in the domestic environment. To affirm this point of view, proponents of the Marxist feminism concept point out the fact that women have been clustered together to constitute a single economic class that essentially works to produce goods and services that are only of value to the domestic environment (Christine 9). In affirming this argument, Jaggar notes that: â€Å"In unpacking this notion of transfo rmation, it is also important to note that Marxist theory itself would not find anything intrinsically degrading about childbearing, child rearing, cooking,†¦ but instead Marxist theory criticizes the way in which these tasks are organized under capitalism. In this sense, Marxist feminist theory could be said to be â€Å"about† mothering and caring (19). Counter Arguments Principles as opposed to feelings Critics of the feminist ethics concept note that feminist ethics is basically reliant on the philosophy of principles of care as opposed to feelings of care because in the real sense, principles are deemed more reliable than feelings attributed to care (Christine 10). For instance, if we were to analyze the suffering poor people go through, it would only be logical to help them, as opposed to sympathizing with them. This is true because contrary to the feminist point of view, in reality, principles are often relied on more than the concept of care. Equally, many philos ophers have also voiced their criticism of feminist ethics, based on the concepts of justice and care, as two ultimate gender-neutral elements (Christine 10). In this regard, these critics have voiced their reservations on the fact that feminist ethics seeks to make â€Å"care† triumph over â€Å"justice†. To support their point, they assert that, if there is a conflict between justice and care, impartiality often supersedes partiality because a person’s fundamental rights cannot be more important than another’s. This scenario can also be equated to the American Southern grasp on slavery where many people hailing from that geographical area felt positively about slavery as a practice. However, since they harbored this sentiment, it did not mean that they were essentially ethically correct. Oppression Many critics of the feminist approach have often observed that feminist ethics basically perceive ethical issues from a predetermined point of view (which is the feminist way) (Christine 10). More importantly, they note that the feminist ethics concept assumes that women are in an oppressed position when compared to their male counterparts. In this regard, these critics base their contempt with the feminist ethics concept on the fact that, feminist perspectives base their standing on the structures that have contributed to this position and therefore, they focus their energies on overturning this state of affairs. This contributes to their strong viewpoint that feminist theories stand on a political view-point as affirmed by Callahan that â€Å"A feminist perspective has three features: â€Å"a recognition that women as a group have been and are oppressed; an account of the source or sources of that oppression; and suggestions for how the oppression of women can be overcome† (78). Nonetheless, critics who have criticized feminism, based on the concept of oppression, have also identified that the allegation by proponents of feminism that power has often been wielded to the disadvantage of men, is a female-biased point of view. Assuming this fact is well understood, the critics went ahead to assert that there was no way a one-sided view of power and oppression could be ultimately perceived as the ethical or moral point of view. In the past, western ethical concepts have often perceived the concept of ethics from a general view-point but if the feminist view on oppression is to be relied on, it would mean that the development of ethical concepts would be targeting an individual group, as opposed to the entire human population. This is obviously a misguided and unjust view. Historical Basis Oppression, subordination, mothering and care which are all observed in feminist ethics can be best understood through the historical context of feminism. The historical context of feminism in which perspectives about feminism and feminist ethics are developed can be all equated to the traditional political theory st andpoint. This means that the tradition of western political thought is essentially characteristic of the historical view of feminism. From this understanding, many proponents of the fact that feminist ethics is developed from a political viewpoint, such as Shanley and Pateman (12), argue that since feminist ethics are based on overturning traditional western concepts of feminism; they are based on changing the political paradigm as well. This argument gives feminist ethics a political nature. Response to the Counter Arguments The opinions expressed by critics of the feminist ethics approach tend to portray the view that feminist perspectives do not acknowledge the unique experiences of women as a unique gender and in the same manner; they are not cognizant of the ethics of care which has been traditionally associated with feminism. However, many of such critics fail to note that at the centre of feminism is the appreciation of divergent points of views. This means that, though fe minism has been criticized for upholding the concept of care over principles, it is time that the society acknowledges the uniqueness of feminism and the female gender in general. This means that the female gender is more empathic and considerate than the male gender. It is therefore only natural that feminism upholds the concept of â€Å"care† as opposed to â€Å"principle†. This is the balance that feminism tries to create in the society because even if critics of feminism were put on the spot, they would acknowledge that humanity would seize to be what it is, if the element of â€Å"care† was eliminated. The argument that feminism is focused on the political structures that put men in power, as opposed to â€Å"care†, contradicts the arguments of similar critics of feminism who note that feminism is more focused on the concept of â€Å"care† as opposed to â€Å"principles†. This contradiction exposes the misguided beliefs which critics of feminism have (over care and principles), because some fail to acknowledge that feminism emphasizes on â€Å"care†, while others note that it does not. However, for critics who voice the opinion that feminism seeks to shift the political paradigm in the world, at the expense of upholding the concept of â€Å"care†, it is obviously apparent that this is the only way through which they can eliminate male domination and oppression. This is true because power is vested in political structures and unless women become active in politics or change its paradigm, there is very little hope that they will ever be truly liberated from oppression. The concept that feminism is politically oriented is therefore correct because this is the only way women can take responsibility for their lives. This view therefore enforces the concept that women have been politically oppressed through sociopolitical structures and positions. However, this point of view is not what feminist ethics is entirely based on. This is true because if we analyze feminist ethics, entirely from a political point of view, we would be advocating the fact that feminism is centered on changing the existing political paradigm and nothing more. This is obviously not the case. Conclusion This study points out the fact that feminist ethics is essentially driven by issues to do with motherhood and care, as opposed to power and subordination, which define political motivations. Arguments based on the Marxist, radical and liberal feminist points of view acknowledge that motherhood and care are at the centre of the development of feminist ethics because all forms of oppression start at the domestic level. This argument is according to the liberalist feminists. However, the Marxists feminists note that capitalistic structures need to be eliminated to give women more opportunities in the society while the radical point of view suggests that the political structures that are created by men with the aim of limiting women to domestic roles are irreparable and need to be eliminated. Because of this reason, proponents of the radical feminism concept advocate for a patriarchal societal change which is in affirmation of the view that feminist ethics is concerned with motherhood and care. This study also acknowledges the input of proponents of the fact that feminist ethics is motivated by power and subordination as the primary motivators to feminist ethics, but comprehensively, we observe that social (as opposed to political) intrigues is the main factor leading to women oppression and this is what feminist ethics essentially focuses on. This point of view is practically applicable today in the fight for gender equality in most functional areas of our society (including gender representation in political, social and economic positions). This analysis is also a pointer to the way we should look at various areas of philosophy, in the sense that, practical relevance is important to the comprehension of philosophical points of views. This analysis has ramifications in other areas, apart from philosophy, such as science. Therefore, considering the above intrigues to the whole feminist ethics debate, we can safely conclude that feminist ethics is more committed to motherhood and care as opposed to political changes (in terms of doing away with the subordination women have experienced in the past). Works Cited Callahan, Joan C. â€Å"Feminism and Reproductive Technologies.† Journal of Clinical Ethics 5.1 (1994): 75-85. Christine, James. â€Å"Feminist Ethics, Mothering, and Caring.† Kinesis 22.2 (1995): 2-16. Print. Jaggar, Alison. Feminist Politics and Human Nature. Totowa, New Jersey: Rowman and Littlefield, 1988. Shanley, Lyndon and Pateman, Carole. Feminist Interpretations and Political Theory. University   Ã‚   Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1991. Tong, Rosemarie. Feminine and Feminist Ethics. Belmont, California: Wa dsworth Publishing Company, 1993. Tronto, Joan C. Beyond Gender Difference to a Theory of Care: An Ethic of Care: Feminist and Interdisciplinary Perspectives. New York: Routledge, Chapman and Hall, Inc., 1993. This term paper on Feminist Ethics Concept was written and submitted by user Sariyah Bradshaw to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay Sample on School Violence My Own Experience

Essay Sample on School Violence My Own Experience I started writing this essay originally with a different view in mind. But when I went back to read it, it simply wasn’t what I wanted to say. My mother suggested I wait a few days and come back to it but I was itching too much to get this off my chest. I became restless and started surfing the web and went to my favorite authors website. Her name is SilverRaven Wolf (www.silverravenwolf.com) and read her article about when she was in Jr. High. That’s when I realized the difference, hers had emotion while mine was simply fact. So here’s my new version, and I hope you can all understand and realate First day of school, in a new school, at thirteen. I walk in self-consciously with my pentacle around my neck and new pair of sneakers on my feet. I look around the classroom nervously, noticing a few odd glances from some students. I shrug it off as just me being â€Å"the new kid.† Few days pass, and I start to get the hang of things, even though I still can’t get that silly locker to open. That’s when it starts, the whispers in the back of the room, the way people would walk away when I approached, the fear in peoples eyes I couldn’t figure out from what though. I did make best friends with one girl who really didn’t mind my opinions and we had (and still have) wonderful conversations. After two weeks of dealing with this, I heard one of the cheerleaders behind me whisper loudly â€Å"look at the her†¦ so full of herself†¦ thinks she can come here with that disaster†¦ wearing that star in the open like that†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Unfortunately I didn’t have any support, I couldn’t take it. The stress of being new, missing friends and family, and now this, I simply rose and ran. I never did figure out how but the Goddess must have led me to the room of on my favorite English teachers. She noticed me, asked someone to take over the class for her and came out in the hall. I explained my situation and she said she would talk with the students. I asked what I should do if I was confronted and she said either come to her, or stand up for myself. Her courage became my courage, and somehow the next time it happened I was able to handle it. Until a few months later. I went to the annual football game with my new best friend and some other friends I’d gotten to know. They knew about my beliefs and me but didn’t seem to mind. Matter of fact, they were interested. But all that aside, it was a slightly chilly night and absolutely beautiful with the stars in the sky. I prayed the weather would stay nice since I didn’t bring a coat. On my way to the snack bar, I saw a few of the guys in class and cheerleaders who didn’t particularly like myself. I didn’t like the looks on their faces and was trying to find some other way to get there. I couldn’t so I started walking behind the bleachers to the other snack bar at the other end of the field. Halfway through I noticed them following me and I tried to move quicker. My best friend claims that she had looked down and noticed just as they started to surround me. I was starting to panic, realizing no matter how well I could fight I didn’t stand a chance against several people, and the look in their eyes were sending fear through my body. One of the guys grabbed me by my neck and threw me against the chain link fence. Slowly I stood back up, with too much pride to do otherwise. I shook back my head and the guy grinned. â€Å"Going to be tough, huh witchy?† I just smiled slightly not answering. He punched me in the stomach but somehow I stayed standing and firm. I remember send prayers up to the Goddess not to let me out of her sight and for help to be on the way. My best friend was most likely at the bottom of the bleachers by this time and finding the teacher that came by. Fortunately, one of my fellow students saw what was happening and him and his buddies came jogging over. He stated, â€Å"And just what is going on here?† The bully answered, â€Å"None of your business kid.† Somehow my fellow student delayed them long enough for my best friend to come with teachers and a police officer. Never once did I cry or relax till they were getting dragged off. I started sobbing after I had talked with the police officer and my best friend and several others gathered around me protectively. I’ve never felt that proud about anything. I could not believe how I had taken it and came out on top. The story never made the news simply because they didn’t want another incident to occur to me. My teachers of course were informed and my friends never seemed to leave my side for the rest of the year. Also the teachers of my classes held an assembly of our team and explained about different religions. They had several kids, including myself, speak out about what it was like to be the minority and discriminating against. Think this is the end of it? Nope, then I started high school. It was not as bad as middle school, because this time I had friends with me. My peers still seem to be a little unsure about my religions, but most don’t mind, they’re just curious. I’ve never had a situation like the one in middle school but now I know I can take it and keep going. If you are wondering what to do to help educate your school, write up Frequently Asked Questions and answer them with your opinions. Also talk to your guidance councilors about what you can do to help. Suggest assemblies to talk about minorities, or a discussion group after school so you can talk about different philosophies and ideas. Of course there are the everyday things you can do. If you hear someone saying a stereotype (i.e. All witches are evil and worship the devil), kindly correct them. If they don’t want to listen, don’t force them. You can’t force them to believe the truth, but you can state your stance on the subjects. I firmly believe it’s up to us to make the difference, us the young people, us who hold the future, it has to start with us. Prove we can rise to the occasion and show we are good, honest people with a real, legal, religion. I must say this, as far as the Witch Wars go, they must not be carried on any longer. I did get into a disagreement with another Wiccan teen, but we worked through it without a public scene. Teens must realize that the normal stereotypes are worse at our age and we must not make them any worse. So please, let’s have peace between people. You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on School Violence from our professional custom essay writing service which provides students with high-quality custom written papers on any topics.

Why do good people suffer Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Why do good people suffer - Research Paper Example Do we then simply have to accept things and tell ourselves, â€Å"The Lord gave and the Lord has taken away; may the name of the Lord be praised† (Job 1:21)? Not exactly, for in every human being, there is a natural curiosity to know why things happen, and especially why bad things happen to good people. We may feel angry and bitter at the suffering that good people experience and at all the injustice around us, but the Book of Job and the Scriptures somehow shed light on the idea that these sufferings, especially those of good people, indeed have a spiritual basis. The reasons why good people suffer are mostly implied in the Book of Job in the Hebrew Bible. One of the essential points that the book is trying to emphasize is that God’s will transcends innocence. In simple terms, it means that God will not spare someone from suffering simply because one claims to be innocent. This further means that despite one’s goodness and obedience to God and to His laws, bad things may still happen to him. Job himself actually claims innocence when he states that he has not committed sins like lust, lies, idolatry and adultery. Job also reiterates that he has not failed to help the needy and the poor and his slaves, and that he has not even treated his enemies in an unfair way (Job 31:1-40, New International Version Holy Bible). Nevertheless, Job experiences extreme suffering. All these imply one thing – that God’s will is above man’s innocence. In fact, because of this, Job assumes that God is cruel, where such assumption is evident in the lines â€Å"I cry out to you, God, but you do not answer† (Job 30:20), and, â€Å"You turn on me ruthlessly; with the might of your hand you attack me† (Job 30:21). Indeed, anyone who does not show compassion to the weak and innocent is viewed as cruel. Nevertheless, God remains above man’s innocence and man’s concept of sparing the innocent from suffering. The concept of innocence is actually one which is mostly misunderstood by the layman. Perhaps one reason for this is that man usually equates moral innocence with legal innocence. It is in this respect that man is mistaken. Good people suffer because â€Å"technically speaking there are no good [or innocent] people† (Slick). The apostle Paul echoes this in his Epistle to the Romans, where he says, â€Å"For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God† (Rom. 3:23). This means that no one is spared from sin. Paul even calls himself â€Å"chief of sinners† (1 Tim. 1:15). Moreover, even Jesus Himself says, â€Å"Why do you call Me good?...No one is good except God alone† (Lk. 18:18). Furthermore, Job’s defense of himself by claiming that he has been a good man all along is actually not even plausible for everyone simply is a sinner, regardless of the good or the bad he has done. It is true that in terms of the law of the country or in terms of rules, it is clear who obeys it and who violates it. However, when it comes to the Scriptures, there are really no good people and that bad things just simply happen to them. What then is the effect of this sin? The apostle Paul describes the effects of sin on the Ephesians: â€Å"Having lost all sensitivity, they have given themselves over to sensuality so as to indulge in every kind of impurity, and they are full of greed† (Eph. 4:19). Thus, sin, according to Paul, leads to more sin. Moreover, sin can lead to various physiological problems such as â€Å"liver problems, diabetes, heart disease† as well as emotional problems like â€Å"guilt, low self-esteem [and] loss of self-respect† (Vandermark). Thus, sin leads to both emotional and physical suffering. Lastly, perhaps the worst effect of sin is stated by the apostle Paul in

The effect of foreshadowing in Emile Zola's Therese Raquin Essay

The effect of foreshadowing in Emile Zola's Therese Raquin - Essay Example Thesis the effect of foreshadowing helps Zola to prepare readers to plot twists and conflict of the story. The blending of past and present in Therese Raquin helps Zola to foreshadow a story conflict and appeal to emotions of readers through vivid narration and imagination. The focus throughout is on the present. It is not the expiation of crime, let alone the perpetration of it years ago, it is her marital malaise that is at issue, and the discovery of the crime serves to transform vague malaise into acute crisis. Therese Raquin, however, tackles the hindrances of freedom in the modern world more directly and more precisely. In that novel, they take the form of a hypocritical society and false values. Zola describes "She had seen Therese at work, and wished to give her to her son as a guardian angel. This marriage was a solution to the matter, foreseen and settled in her mind" (Zola 1999). This passage foreshadows further events and unveils hardship faced by the main character. Again, the past to the present is driven in by the incident when Therese and her lover drown Camille. Therese is irresponsible and frivolous, not only because the serious elements in her nature have never received encouragement, but also because she has inherited from her father a disposition towards frivolity and irresponsibility. Zola invokes childish memories as formative elements in the characters of his heroes, who, moreover, have a great deal in common with their respective mothers. Zola uses foreshadowing as the main tool to predict and predetermine the future. In the novel, the family and the little town in which they live is hardly a question on which the home-trudging multitude exercised its imaginative powers, unless it was in the cynical and rhetorical form. Zola projects the dramatic as well as the moral interest--into the future with vigor and effect. There are cynical prophecies, there are sentimental prophecies, fantastic prophecies of all kinds. Minds straying that way should remind themselves that, if the end of the novel is to be taken seriously, then clearly the greatest battle of Therese's life has already been decided and that nothing thereafter is likely to deter her from doing what she is determined to do: and that is to think out, in independence and solitude, her position in a world whose general laws she has begun to apprehend and means to fathom. Zola depicts the illness of Madame Raquin: "Paralysis was little by little gaining on Madame Ra quin, and they foresaw the day when she would be riveted to her armchair, feeble and doltish" (Zola 1999). The main benefit of this technique is that it leaves readers in suspense additional emotional tension and anxiety. In Therese Raquin, the relevant matter preceding the actual action is not so involved, but, as the title might indicate, it has a profounder significance. The character and activities of a man have to be reconstructed to account for the mentality. However skilful and, in Zola's scheme, indispensable the telescoping of a long action might be, it struck contemporaries as novel and for that reason gave rise to doubts. One of the unique symbols which foreshadow death is a portrait. In the bridal chamber hangs portrait of Camille made by Laurent. The deep meaning of this scene is underlined by the fact that beneath it the couple feared of horror at their crime, reproach one

Research methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Research methods - Essay Example For instance, no two elderly Pakistani males are alike, neither are two young English females, and such is a situation among the appearing academic intellectuals of today. Therefore, an open-minded social scientist (especially sociology student) might find it important to find out why some people are more likely to reach educational success than others. This is the question posed within the context of this research proposal, and research hypotheses can be taken from the review of related writings created by competent social scientists, who have dealt a lot with social class stratification. For social scientists this issue is extremely important within the general frames of describing social stratification and inequality based on person’s origin. Several researches, conducted in different time periods can be a good basis for changes in social and immigration policies and might satisfy scientific interest of researchers. A number of sociologists wrote on their ideas about the reasons for different academic success in the society, where higher education is widely available. Their concepts imply that individuals may have experienced contradictory influences toward academic success in part because of their race or socio-economic condition. â€Å"The different variables, in turn, can be shown to affect the level of academic success some persons achieve. The ethnicity of an individual is believed by many to have a strong correlation with the level of academic success achieved by that particular ethnic group† (Murphy, 1986, p.501). Furthermore, many people belonging to the same race live in the same areas. For instance, refugees or immigrants from the Muslim world tend to concentrate in certain urban and rural settings that have comparatively low socio-economic status, which may be associated with the lower levels of educational success achieved in this area, among

About A Boy Summary English Literature Essay

About A Boy Summary English Literature Essay Will, 36 years old, is a single and fashionable guy. He doesnt work, because he had received money from his dads inheritance. His dad has made a very popular Christmas-song, thats why Will doesnt work. He doesnt live like a 36-year old guy, because he hasnt got any responsibilities. In the begin of the story Marcus and Will doesnt know each other. Marcus just moved to London, because his mother always got a different husband. Will meets Angie, which has a son. He falls in love with her and he tells her things that he has a son, called Ned, which he hasnt got. Will liked it when woman being attached to him. Then Angie broke up with Will. Will missed the feeling to be in love with a women, so he decided to go to SPAT. SPAT is a association for single parents. Will said he had a little son called Ned. There he met a girl called Suzie, who has a daughter called Paula. One day, theres a SPAT picnic. But how does Will go to that picnic without Ned? Will starts lying about Ned again, so he gets away with it. Fiona, Marcus mum, starts crying very often without a reason. Marcus is on a new school, where he gets being bullied a lot. One day, Fiona and Marcus go to the picnic from SPAT, because Suzie, also a friend of Fiona, asked them to come. Now, Will and Marcus will meet each other for the first time at the picnic. Marcus thinks its very boring, and decides to throw bread to ducks. But then, he kills a duck. The owner of the park starts getting angry, but Will helps Marcus. Marcus is very grateful for that. Will thinks Marcus is a very adult boy. Will brings Marcus and Suzie at home. But then, when they go inside Marcus house, they see Fiona half-dead on the couch. They go very quickly to the hospital. When Fionas in the hospital, Marcus finds a farewell letter from his mum. Then Marcus starts thinking that he hasnt got anyone besides his mother. So he decides to search people who want to be their friend, so then he isnt alone when his mother will pass out. Fiona gets back home, and she, Marcus and Will are going to diner together. Marcus wants that Fiona and Will start dating with each other, so he wont be alone anymore. This will be a very uncomfortable diner, because everybody still believes Will has a child (he bought a child seat, especially for the fact that he really has a son). Some days later, Marcus goes to Will, and concludes Ned doesnt exist. At Wills house, Marcus learns a lot of things. As example what the newest and coolest CDs are, and Will buys him some cool shoes. But the next day, the shoes are stolen. Marcus has to go to the direction, and there he meets a very notorious girl (Ellie). Marcus and Ellie start being friends, which Marcus likes a lot. Marcus daily comes at Wills place, but when Fiona hears that Will hasnt got a son, Marcus isnt allowed to go to Will anymore. But despite that, Marcus invites Will for a Christmas party, where Will meets Suzie. Will doesnt feel himself very comfortable, and Suzie isnt happy at all because Will lied to her. On New Years Eve, Will falls in love with Rachel. Rachel is a beautiful women, who has a son, named Ali. Very soon Will and Rachel talk about children. Will says to Rachel that Marcus is his son. So he asks Marcus to pretend if hes Wills son. They go to Rachel, which becomes a nightmare for Marcus. Ali threatens Marcus with the thing that Will and Rachel dont interact anymore. After that accident, it goes a lot better with Marcus and Will. It seems to be Rachel and Fiona like each other. A couple of days later, Marcus, Rachel and Fiona decide to go to a pub, but Rachel doesnt come. Marcus goes with Ellie to Cambridge, where Marcus dad lives. Marcus dad (Clive) has broken his collar bone with a stupid accident, so Clive wanted to see Marcus. En route, Ellie damages a window glass, because she was angry of the fact that Kurt Cobain (a famous singer which Eillie is a big fan from) committed suicide. So they have to go to the police station, where they will be picked up by Clive and his girlfriend (Lindsey). But they also are getting picked up by Fiona, Will and Ellies mum. Marcus starts getting a quarrel with Lindsey and Clive. But finally, everything will be resolved. Marcus goes to his dad, and Ellie will be guilty from the window-damage. Marcus becomes a real teenager now, Will tells Rachel he hasnt got a son and Fiona will be OK. Creative Assignment 15. Write a mini-biography of an author whose work you read. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Nick_Hornby_01.jpg/200px-Nick_Hornby_01.jpg Nicolas Peter John Hornby (Nick Hornby) was born at April 17th 1957, in the city Redhill in the United Kingdom. Nick Hornbys parents, called Derek Peter Hornby and Margaret Audrey Withers. Nick Hornbys dad was a businessman with a lot of success and Nick Hornbys mother was a secretary. His parents divorced when he was only eleven. So Nick Hornby lived in a single-parent family with his mum and his sister Gill Hornby, because his dad left Great-Britain and started a new live in France. Nick Hornby married With Vriginia Hornby in 1993, and they divorced in 1998. In 1993 Nick Hornbys son (Danny Hornby)was born. Nowadays Nick Hornby works and lives in Highbury in London. After he left the Maidenhead Grammar School, he started studying English at the Jesus college in Cambridge. After his study at the Jesus college, he started teaching English to students from other countries. After his career as a teacher, Nick Hornby started doing some journalism for the famous magazine, called New Musical Express. But that wasnt the thing he really liked, so he decided to become a writer. The head points of his books are often music and sports, where obvious behavior of men will be described. Nick Hornby is also an enormous Arsenal-fan, which you can find back in his books. He also uses actual things in his stories, like the death of Kurt Cobain in the book About a boy. The literary movements where Nick Hornbys books belongs to, are humor, roman and realistic stories. Very many people love his books, because they appeals the people. Nick Hornbys first book was Fever Pitch, published in 1992, where he described his feelings for the football-club Arsenal. With this book he launched a new literary: football-stories. Just like About a boy(1998) and High Fidelity(1995), Fever Pitch is based on his own life experiences. Other books that Nick Hornby had written are: How to be good (written in 2001, with this book Hornby won the WH Smith Award for Fiction), this is a story about someone who wants to be good for the whole world. 31 Songs (written in 2003), is a book about 26 popsongs which Nick Hornby liked. A long way down (written in 2005, this book was shortlisted for the Whitbread Novel Award), this is a book about suicide, fear, etc. The Complete Polysyllabic Spree  (written in 2006), Nick Hornby explores in this book the how and when and why and what of reading. Slam (written in 2007), this book is about skateboarders and their problems. Juliet, Naked (written in 2009), this book is about a nerds idol who falls in love with the nerds girlfriend The books which are filmed, are: Fever pitch (filmed twice: in the years 1997 and 2005) High Fidelty (filmed in the year 2000) About a boy (filmed in the year 2002) Nick Hornby has also written 3 anthologies, called: My favourite Year (written in 1993) The Picador Book of Sportswriting  (written in 1996) Speaking with the Angel  (written in 2000) It is visible that Nick Hornby is a very popular writer, because he published a lot of books, and from a couple of these books there has been made a movie. Nick Hornbys biggest success is High Fidelty, because he won most of his trophies with this book. Many books of Nick Hornby are translated into Dutch and other languages, because he is also well-known in very many countries. But Nick Hornbys work hasnt been finished yet, because there is going to be a new film, called An Education.

Becoming a CPA Essay -- Essays Papers

Becoming a CPA Becoming A Certified Public Accountant (CPA) What is a CPA? These three letters mean that you have received a broad-based education. They mean you have passed all parts of a very difficult exam. They mean you have the knowledge, skills and abilities to be a trusted business advisor to your clients or employer. They mean you feel comfortable with the latest technology. They mean you are an ethical individual who can provide an independent analysis. CPA’s are many things. They are chief financial officers for Fortune 500 companies and advisors to small neighborhood businesses. They work for large and small public accounting firms. They are well-respected strategic business advisors and decision-makers. They act as consultants on many issues, including taxes and accounting. To become a CPA you need to meet the requirements of the state or jurisdiction in which you wish to practice. These requirements, which vary from state to state, are established by law and administered by the state boards of accountancy. To qualify for certification, you must: ï‚ · Complete a program of study in accounting at a college/university. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) recommends at least 150 semester hours to obtain the common body of knowledge for becoming a CPA. ï‚ · Pass the Uniform CPA Examination, which is developed and graded by the AICPA. ï‚ · Have professional work experience in public accounting. The Uniform CPA Exam is a prerequisite for the CPA certificate because it is the primary way Boards of Accountancy measure the competence of CPA candidates. Boards of Accountancy also rely on additional means to ensure that a candidate has the necessary technical abilities and character attributes to become a CPA. These may include interviews, letters of reference, investigation of educational background, and affidavits of employment. In addition, some boards of accountancy administer an ethics examination to assess a candidate’s knowledge of the rules of professional conduct. The Board of Examiners of the AICPA, is responsible for preparing the Uniform CPA Examinations and for operating the Advisory Grading Service, both adopted by the boards of accountancy in all fifty states, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The Examination is give... ...s the economy grows the number of business establishments increases requiring more accountants and auditors to set up their financial, technological and internal control systems, provide tax preparation and planning assistance, as well as management consulting advice and other business advisory services. The volume and complexity of financial and non-financial information will continue to expand, requiring the knowledge of accountants and auditors to interpret and analyze the data and participate in the decision making process. Becoming proficient in the latest accounting and budgeting software packages and keeping abreast of new technologies is critical to the accounting professional’s success. Bibliography: American Institute for Certified Public Accountants (2000). Available: http://www.aicpa.org. Blensly, D.L., and Plank, T.M. (1989). Accounting Desk Book, (9th ed.) Meigs, W.B. and R.F. (1989), Accounting: The Basis for Business Decisions, (8th ed.) Rink & Robinson’s CPA’s (1998). Certified Public Accountants & Consultants. Available: http://www.mrinkcpa.com. Robert Half and Accountemps Salary Guide (1999). Available: http://www.accountemps.com.

Edgar Allan Poe Research Paper

His writing shows that he is familiar with the thought process of a madman, leaving some o believe that he himself was In fact insane, but If he were, could he have the ability to describe such dark thoughts and deeds In detailed graphic account? Most of Pope's short stories revolve around death, gloom and the mental state of his main character/ characters. More often than not, the main character of his stories is thought to have a certain degree of insanity. The â€Å"Tell- Tale Heart† does not disappoint.The story follows the formula that Edgar Allan Poe perfected: death, gloom, and mental instability. Some believe It Is the narrator's Insanity that causes him to dismember he old man Into several pieces and place him under the floorboards while others question whether or not the main character was really insane. In order for one to be able to come to a plausible conclusion concerning the mental health of the unnamed narrator one must know what insanity is, the medical defini tion of insanity, and compare both definitions to the mental state of the narrator in the story.So what exactly is insanity? The word insanity was actually termed by lawyers within the legal profession. Insanity Is a relatively new defense In the united States, as It was not restricted until around 1849, the time that Edgar Allan wrote the story â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart†. Around the time the story was written there were many cases in America being tried where the defendants had plead not guilty by reason of insanity.Some think that Poe was paying close attention to the trial, as his story seemed to be a confession in which the narrator confessed the murder, but has all intentions of getting off by alluding to be While most would argue It was all an act, there are certain aspects In the story that allude that the narrator may have not been pretending to be Insane. The legal deflation of Insanity Is, â€Å"a mental Illness of such a severe nature that a person cannot distingu ish fantasy from reality, cannot conduct his/her affairs due to psychosis, or is subject to uncontrollable impulsive behavior† (Hoses).Within the medical profession, there is no definition for the word insanity. It is not a diagnosis that is listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, also known as ADSM. What Is diagnosed in the ADSM are various mental problems that can cause an Individual's behavior to change, sometimes leading them to commit a crime depending on their diagnosed mental illness. Based upon the clues provided in the story â€Å"The Tell- Tale Heart,† one can conclude that the narrator is suffering from the mental disorder of paranoid schizophrenia.Psychiatrists believe that when a person suffers from paranoia they most likely have paranoid schizophrenia. People with paranoia tend to believe that they have super sensitive hearing. They hear Inanimate object talking to them or voices that don't auditory hallucinations, violence, al oofness, etc. Paranoid schizophrenia is â€Å"one of several types of schizophrenia, a chronic mental illness in which reality is interpreted abnormally (psychosis).The classic features of paranoid schizophrenia are having beliefs that have no basis in reality (delusions) and hearing things that arena real (auditory hallucinations)† (â€Å"Paranoid Schizophrenia†). The story begins with the narrator stating â€Å"†¦ But why will you say that I am mad? The disease has sharpened my senses-not destroyed- not dulled them I heard things in the heaven and in the earth† (Poe 40). Within reading the first few lines of the story, the narrator has revealed to the audience two symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia, anxiety and auditory hallucinations. These symptoms, especially his disposition to dispute, are manifested not only when he â€Å"arose and argued about trifles† but also throughout the narration†¦ Obviously, the prisoner's captors have named his c rime for what it is, the act of an anxiety-ridden madman; this is the argument that the narrator- illustrating another symptom of schizophrenia, lack of insight- rejects as erroneous, impertinent, absurdly false; this is the thesis to which he attempts to provide the antithesis † (Zimmerman).In regards to the medical aspect, the anxiety reveals itself in the way that the narrator is attempting to give his side of the story. He has admitted to his extremely nervous behavior, yet later in the paragraph states, â€Å"Hearken! And observe how healthily- how calmly, I can tell you the whole story' (Poe 40). The audience should also notice within the first paragraph where the legal definition of insanity could also be applied. It is here where his words begin to contradict themselves.It is here where he starts to demonstrate a mad man, by accusing the audience of coming to the conclusion that he is mad. He then goes on to imply that if he were mad, he â€Å"would be out of control , †¦ Profoundly illogical, and not even recognize the implications of his actions† (Benumb). As the narrator divulges information about murder, the symptoms of violence, anger, and delusion also appear, further evidence to back up the claim that the narrator is a paranoid schizophrenic. It was open-wide, wide open- and I grew furious as I gazed upon it†¦ Lat was the beating of the old man's heart. It increased my fury, as the beating of a drum stimulates the soldier into courage† (Poe 42). Here the narrator has shown the symptom of anger. The old man has done nothing to the narrator to upset him. The narrator claims it is the beating of the old man's heart and his dull blue eye that causes him to grow furious and it is what ultimately causes him to become violent towards the old man and end his life.The symptom of delusion appears throughout the whole story from the beginning. We have the narrator being delusional in thinking that he knows what the audience is thinking about him. He is delusional when he states , â€Å"†¦ For it was not the old man who vexed me, but his Evil Eye† (Poe 41). When you combine the delusion, anger, anxiety, and violence, it is very easy to see how one can come to the conclusion that the narrator is in fact not of sound mind.

Situation Analysis Chain of Command Charismatic Leadership Team Characteristics

Situation Analysis Chain of Command Charismatic Leadership Team Characteristics Formulating strategy often commence with an assessment of the internal and external factors that will affect the organization's competitive situation. Situation Analysis typically includes a search for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that affect organization performance.Situation Analysis is important to all companies but is crucial to those considering globalization because of the diverse environments in which they operate.Customers, government reports, professional journals, suppliers, bankers, friends in other organizations, consultants, or association meetings may include external information about opportunities and threats.Many companies are hiring competitive intelligence professionals to scope out competitors.Surveys of employee attitudes and satisfaction are attained information that executives gather including internal strengths and weaknesses from various reports, budgets, financial ratios, and profit and loss statements. Managers spend 80% of their time gi ving and receiving information. Executives build an understanding of the company's internal strengths and weaknesses through face-to-face discussions and meetings with people at all hierarchical levels.Organization Keeps you moving-VinPositive internal characteristics that the organization can take advantage of, to achieve its strategic performance goals are its strengths.Internal characteristics that might inhibit or restrict the organization performance goals are its weaknesses.Characteristics for the external environment that have the potential to help the organization achieve or exceed its strategic goals are opportunitiesQuestion for understanding:Are threat characteristics of the external environment preventing some organizations for achieving it strategic goals?YesChap 6Increasing Participation in Decision MakingManagers make some decisions as individuals but decision makers are more often part if a group. Major decisions in the business world are rarely made entirely by an i ndividual. Effective decision-making often depends on whether managers involve the right people in the right ways in helping to solve problems. The Vroom-Jago model is an example of guidance for practicing mangers. Vroom-Jago model helps a manager gauge the appropriate amount of participation by subordinates...

Greek Influence on the Early Roman Empire essays

Greek Influence on the Early Roman Empire essays "Do you agree with the following: Rome conquered the Greek empire and its civilization, but Greek culture conquered Rome?" This paper will argue that this statement is true. Furthermore, the Romans were willing co-conspirators, replacing the relatively primitive (and displaced) Etruscan and Latin cultures with the far more nuanced and rich Greek culture. One can regard the Romans as having taken the best of Greek culture and made it their own. Greeks provided architecture, systems of government, the religion of Rome (with Roman names replacing Greek names; Zeux=Jupter, etc.). This does not mean that the Romans admired the Greeks in all things. Instead, as the Spartans judged Athenians to be 'civilized,' so did the Romans regard the Greeks as civilized, and therefore 'decadent.' Indeed, even those Greek natives who became Roman citizens were suspected by Roman leaders: When Demosthenes consulted Hadrian about his foundation, the emperor congratulated him and his city not for his se rvice to the Empire, but for the "honorable ambition"...(Braund). This implies that Hadrian, like most Romans, respected the learning and culture, but found "ambition" a unique Roman trait, not found in many Greeks. The Greeks supplied the Romans with culture in many ways. The Athenian idea of democracy is often cited as a precursor to our current democracy. In fact, that was not the case. Athenian citizens were free, but their slaves were not. Athenian women, as did Roman women, had the right to buy and hold property, even as they joined their husband's household. The Roman law, therefore, took over many of the customs of Greek law, including their patrician idea of democracy for non-slaves. Romans took the Greek arts completely, from sculpture to architecture and painting. Roman houses are based on the Romans' superior knowledge of building and engineering, but particularly in the eastern portions of the Empire, the Greek influence was strong (Hales). ...

The story The Machine Stops relevancy to today Essay

The story The Machine Stops relevancy to today - Essay Example Vashti, the main character of the story, made a phone call to her son Kuno in which she could see the image of the son while they talked. In today’s society such a phone call is possible though video chat such as Skype or with the assistance of a smart phone. The machine in the story had impacted the way people lived so much that human had become isolated from each other. â€Å"People never touch one another† (Forster, 1909). Due to the fact that people lived in an airship most of humans never had visited earth. The machine provided people with everything they need which ended up taking away part of the humanity of people. In today’s society the technological advance that has changed a lot the way people interact with each other is the computer with internet capabilities. The internet has changed the way people do things. For example people nowadays shop a lot online instead of going to regular stores. In 2010 in the United States there was $151.1 billion worth o f e-commerce transactions (Plunkett Research, 2010). People use the computer for their socializing needs through popular friendship websites such as Facebook, Twitter, and MySpace. At the end of the first chapter of the story Vashti traveled outside the airship in a flying car that was in route to earth.

Software Testing Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Software Testing - Research Proposal Example ording to David-at-el (1998), software testing is complicated and expensive and sometimes considered as a more time consuming part of overall system development life cycle. In this scenario the most of testing stages and activities are overlooked to deploy the system on time. Additionally, for cost saving and delivering system on due date system development team eliminates the system testing phase by minimizing few testing phases. However, sometime this action leads to problems in overall software working and handling for instance, the developed system has hidden bugs that appear during the system working and create problems for the system user(s). This type of problems leads toward the system failure or even working malfunction (Banks et al., 1998; Taipale & Smolander, 2006). 6 According to Mihnea & Constantinescu (2008), IT managers and professionals can have different opinions regarding a lot of software development principles, however the majority of them agree on one point that software we deliver has to be correct as well as reliable. In this scenario the successful software development groups have previously recognized that efficient testing is necessary to achieve this goal. In addition, researches have shown that most of software working and operational risks are due to some testing related problems (Mihnea & Constantinescu, 2008; Gelperin & Hetzel, 1988). In this scenario there is a vital need for the effective testing. My research is aimed at offering a group of testing techniques that will effectively manage and handle the software problems. The aim of this research is to offer a comprehensive and effective set of software testing techniques, types and execution framework. 7 Gallagher (2000) stated that testing is not quality assurance. It is examined that effectively tested software that was incompetently designed, poorly conceived as well as unconcernedly programmed will end up a well-tested, bad product. Though, software testing has long been one

Information Tech for Mgmt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Information Tech for Mgmt - Essay Example Therefore, working with big data should use systems for bulk data logging for better storage, management, security and federal compliance. The main focus is on the importance of using a data logging system that is made especially for bulk data storage and retrieval. But despite their availability, many still resort to basic log systems or spreadsheets, which are effective in small amounts of data, but may not be adequate when indexing many data, which could result to inconclusive results during a search (Olavsrud 2). Also, of the 207 respondents to the survey, only around half are concerned with big data management, and above half do not have sufficient tools to manage their large amounts of data (Olavsrud 1), and opportunities for growth can get bypassed as a result of non-upgrading. If ordinary logging systems are used, storage can be a problem, as well as filing, indexing and searches. In my opinion, it would be a good change for companies to resort to bulky data management systems, and upgrading their systems can help in making their work and data retrieval faster and more efficient. Lastly, if proper data management is used by these organizations, they could lessen chances of having their data leaked by integrating a security system along with their log management system solution. The upgrade’s benefits can be seen in the long run, especially to those that use previous data to come up with better work

Formative assessment Essay Example for Free

Formative assessment Essay Formative Assessment: raising standards inside the classroom Black. , P. (1998), provides a brief overview of the evidence, both qualitative and quantitative about the quality of teacher’s classroom assessment practices, about the effectiveness of good formative assessment in promoting pupil’s learning and the features of classroom assessment that enhances students learning. Paul Black carried out two practical inquiries in various schools. The first experiment involved twelve classes of thirty pupils each in two schools. This experiment work was structured around pupil’s tools of systematic and reasoned inquiry and greatly emphasized on student’s communication skills and peer assessment. The students were required to carry out a science group project which involved experimentation. The results showed that the students who had the best assessment process achieved the highest scores. This was only possible where students were able to communicate effectively with each other and were able to evaluate their own understanding of the concept being taught. Thus, the author showed that self- and peer assessment can be achieved by giving pupil’s opportunities to reflect their learning. Similarly, the second experiment involved forty eight eleven year old Israeli pupils from twelve classes across four schools where half of those selected being in the top quartile of their class on tests of mathematics and language and other half being in the lower quartile. They were taught materials not directly related to their normal curriculum, and given written tasks to be tackled individually under supervision, with an oral introduction and supervision. Then the pupil’s were divided into three groups and feedbacks were provided. The first group was given comments only, the second group was given grades only and the third group was given comments with grades. The research showed that for ‘comments only’ showed an increase in the performance of the students while the other two groups showed a significant decline in the scores across the three sessions. Therefore, this research article tries to show that if feedback comments are in principle, it is operationally helpful for a pupil’s work, and literature also indicates that ‘task-involving’ feedback is more effective than ‘ego-involving’ feedback. Likewise, the reports studied by Paul Black and his colleagues showed that formative assessment helps to enhance feedback between the students and the teacher as it increases new modes of pedagogy and will cause a significant changes in the classroom practices. Similarly, formative assessment increases pupil participation in the classroom and can help affect motivation and self-esteem of pupils. Therefore, effective teaching must be carried out in a classroom that will enhance students learning. However, posing of questions is a natural and direct way of checking on learning, but is often unproductive. It becomes important for teachers to generate good questions and this can be obtained from outside sources such as internet and library sources. Thus, teachers should ask themselves that: Do I really know enough about the understanding of my pupils to be able to help each of them? Therefore, what seems both obvious and problematic is that the whole area is at the heart of pedagogy and may have been appraised and shaped further in terms of a theory of larger scope to encompass school learning comprehensively. One of the limitations of this article is that this has not been attempted, so that what is here needs the discipline of a broader context. Thus, a classroom must be implemented that focuses on the policy for raising standards that will help improve formative assessment. (Black. , P. 1998. Formative assessment: raising standards inside the classroom. School Science Review.

The Physical Development Children And Young People Essay

The Physical Development Children And Young People Essay An infant from birth cries when hungry. Gradually, he/she can recognise adults especially a mothers face and voice. He/she likes to watch their mums face or an adults face during feeding time. He/she smiles at familiar faces and voices. Physical Development: A baby just after birth sleeps most of the time and grows fast. A child by 6 months turns its head towards sound and movements. A child by this age starts to kick legs with movements gradually becoming smoother. Also, a baby starts to develop their hand eye co-ordination. He/she learns to roll from side on to back. A child enjoys finger play. Intellectual Development: A baby starts to recognise its parents by the age of 2 months. An infant reacts to familiar voice rather than unfamiliar voices. A baby observes the moving objects and stares at bright colours. Baby tries to explore by putting things into mouth. Communication and language development: By 3 months an infant makes a variety of happy sounds. A baby starts to respond to variety of music and other sounds. A baby tries to imitate the movement of the lips of an adult. Emotional Development: A baby at this age, usually very attached to its mother. If handled by unfamiliar methods and care, a baby may get upset. In this age, a child requires a familiar routine and also requires the security and the reassurance. AGE 6 12 MONTHS: Social Development: Baby of this age tries to communicate and respond to familiar people. By 9 months, a child is very wary of strangers. Child at this age starts to see self as separate from others. Physical Development: A baby starts to sit without support. By this age a baby may begin to crawl, stand and cruise while holding on to furniture. Baby learns o hold objects and transfer objects from one hand to other. It develops pincer grasps using thumb and index finger from about 6 months. At this age a baby drops things deliberately and looks for it. A baby enjoys water play. Intellectual Development: A baby recognises certain sound and objects. At this age, a baby shows interest to toys and picture books. He/she can enjoy various games especially water play. He/she observes people closely and tries to imitate their actions. He/she processes information through images. Communication and language development: A baby enjoys looking at picture. He/she also enjoys music. A baby responds with a smile and starts babbling and sometimes speaks to their mums. Emotional Development: By this age, a baby can differentiate between individuals and shows clear preferences and familiar adults. He/she can show clear likes and dislikes. AGE 1 2 YEARS: Social Development: A baby can respond to simple instructions. He/she wants to help adults and enjoy imitating their activities. It helps develop a sense of own identity. He/she plays alongside other children of own age for some time. He/she shows egocentric behaviour. Physical Development: A child becomes very mobile at this age. Between 12 to 15 months most children will start to walk and some can even go upstairs (with supervision). He/she can feed themselves. He/she has matured pincer grasps and can scribble with crayons. He/she can make a small tower by putting bricks/ blocks. He/she can wave good-bye, point or make noises to indicate their wants. Intellectual Development: A baby can recognise objects from pictures and books. He/she matches basic colours and start to match shapes. He/she can follow one step instructions. He/she show their preferences and start to make choices. He/she shows lots of curiosity and can concentrate for longer. He/she can do very simple puzzles. Communication and language development: By the age of 2, a child could be using 150-200 words. He/she can participate in songs and rhymes; enjoy listening to stories. He/she repeats words said by adults. He/she begins to ask questions like what and why. Emotional Development: A child is emotionally dependent on familiar adults. He/she likes to explore environment and is less frightened now when placed in new situations. The child reacts very strongly when he/she is not allowed to do a particular activity. Sometimes, He/she has mood swings and can be very clinging while some other time could be very independent. AGE 2 3 YEARS: Social Development: Childrens first friends are their parents and carer. He/she learns from them how to play and communicate with others. Babies and toddlers notice others and become fascinated by them. At around 2 years he/she is likely to play alongside with each other. By the age of 2years, most children have a feeling of identity and interestingly this coincides with their becoming more assertive. By the age of 3years, a child learns to play more of co-operative play. Physical Development: A child uses a potty and stays dry more reliably. He/she can come down stairs in upright position one stair at a time. He/she can climb well on play apparatus. He/she learns to paddle a tricycle. He/she can undress self but need some help to dress self. He/she has more control on holding crayons and paint brush. He/she can kick a ball and learns to jump. A child of this age can travel around, under, over, and through balancing and climbing equipment. Intellectual Development: A child can identify facial features and main body parts. He/she can follow two step instructions and can understand what is big and small. He/she starts to understand basic concepts of time and can match the colours and shapes. He/she becomes aware of what is right and wrong. He/she gathers information through language rather than image. He/she enjoys imaginative play and can concentrate long on creative activities. Communication and language development: He/she tries to communicate more with adult form of speech. A childs vocabulary increases to about 300 words and can deliver simple messages. Emotional Development: A child begins to understand the feelings of others. He/she is very curious about their environment but have no sense of danger. He/she could not understand about peoples pain at this age. AGE 3 5 YEARS: Social Development: A child starts socialising with people, learns to play with other children. He/she can show some friendship preferences but these are mainly based on play interests. He/she can use language more and more effectively with others. He/she can be confident in doing their own things as they develop their self help skills. He/she observes closely adults and tries to imitate them. He/she learns to share group possessions at play group or nursery but basically he/she is still egocentric. Physical Development: In this period a childs movements become more co-ordinated and smoother. A child by now starts to make various complex movements as the bones in the body starts to harden or have now formed. A child at this age remains clean and dry most of the time but could have some accidents. Child improves gross motor skills. He/she is more confident while jumping, riding a tricycle. Child at this age can throw a bowl but still unsure and inaccurate while catching the ball. By the age of 5years, a child is able to use variety of large equipments. A child improves his/her fine motor skills. A childs drawings are more detailed and representative. Intellectual Development: By the age of 3 years, a child imitates adults speech which can be understood by the strangers. A child becomes very inquisitive and asks lots of question. He/she knows parts of body. A child learns many things through play, tries to experiment with colours, shapes and texture. He/she can follow two or three step instructions. He/she has a better attention span at this age and hence, enjoys more complex activities. He/she learns to share and accepts ideas in group activities. He/she expresses strong opinions of likes and dislikes. Communication and language development: A childs vocabulary improves a lot. By this age, speech is fluent and the child is grammatically correct in using descriptive language. He/she can confidently form short sentences and uses language to communicate his/her own ideas. He/she enjoys constantly with people whom they know well. Emotional Development: A child is aware of the feelings and needs of others. He/she learns to comfort others who are upset, hurt or unwell. He/she can show occasional outburst when tired, stressed or frustrated. He/she can use language to express feelings and wishes and sometimes argues with other children. AGE 5 7 YEARS: Social Development: A child of this age likes to play mainly with child of same sex. A child is now aware of his/her own qualities. He/she tends to be fairly positive about him/her own skills. Physical Development: By this age, brain has developed further and is able to process information quickly. A child of this age is faster at dressing. As a result of improved co-ordination a child is more confident. By the age of 6 7 years, a child is able to sew simple stitches and ties or unties laces. All these prove that he/she has improved pincer grasp. Intellectual Development: A child of this age can differentiate between various shapes and sizes. He/she can match symbols, letters and numbers. By the age of 6 years, ability to write develops. He/she can read simple books, able to count up to 100. By this age, he/she understands the concept of conversation. Communication and language development: By this age, a child can communicate well with strangers. He/she is very fluent by now and can use correct and descriptive language. He/she has a wide range of vocabulary and can make up his/her own story. Emotional Development: A child becomes more independent and self-motivated. By this age, he/she is more sociable and friendly with others. He/she likes to play with same sex children and able to share. But, he /she need help in resolving issues. A child enjoys taking responsibility and helping others. AGE 7 12 YEARS: Social Development: At this age, a child starts enjoying company of other children and loves to be in a group. They are often same sex although some play activities will encourage boys and girls to play together. Now he/she is less dependent on close adults for support. Physical Development: A childs physical skill develops a lot and sometimes depends on his/her interests. He/she has more fine motor skills. Puberty starts for many girls from the age of 10 years and finishes by the age of 15 years and during this period their body undergoes various physical changes. For boys, this usually starts at around 13/14 years and finishes at around 16 years. A child develops hand eye co-ordination which leads to proficiency in climbing, running, balancing and skipping. Intellectual Development: 7 years onwards, most children are fluent speakers, readers and writers of their language. At this age, a child can read more complex texts and develops writing skills. At the age of 7 12 years, a child has great reasoning ability and can apply logic to solve problems. He/she has longer attention span so he/she enjoys various board games and computer games. His/her preferences for subject increase. He/she starts dealing with abstract ideas. Communication and language development: A child becomes highly verbal and enjoys making up and telling jokes. He/she has a wide range of vocabulary and can use more complex sentence structures. He/she can share ideas and feelings in more depth. He/she can share a very detailed account of past events and anticipate the future. He/she can listen to follow and execute more complex instructions. Emotional Development: A child is now aware of wider environment. He/she becomes very proud of his/her won achievements and sometimes can be very competitive. Usually, boys friendships are likely to be of group based while girls prefer closer but fewer friends. AGE 12 19 YEARS: Social Development: Young people want to spend more time with each other than with their family. Individual friendship is important for them and along with they enjoy being into a group. Sometimes, it can be seen young people can be strongly motivated by role models in media. They participate in teen games and enjoy group activities including clubs. Physical Development: By the age of 14/15 years, most girls have completed the process of puberty. Most girls have already started their menstrual cycle and become regular by the age of 16 years. For boys, the process of puberty has already started and for most finishes at around the age of 16 years. The body of a young people undergoes change in appearance because of many physical developments during this period. Intellectual Development: Young people are able to understand more complicated things in mathematical and scientific process. They extend their writing skills and can develop more creative skills and can understand other peoples point of view. They have a very high level of concentration. They develop logical thinking ability and may enjoy practising their new intellectual and verbal skills through debating either formally of informally. Communication and language development: Young people have extensive and varied vocabulary. They can use appropriate language styles, vocalises their ideas and feelings in greater depth. They can justify their own views and ideas. They enjoy more complex texts including fiction, poetry and factual books. Emotional Development: At this age, young people are very sensitive to their own feelings. Emotional maturity is constantly switching on between childish needs and adult desires. They are confident in their own skills and ideas. They have a good understanding of complex issues. Young people can find themselves caught between their desire to remain in a group but reluctant to adopt groups values and behaviour.